ITS Communications & Information Protocols

6.8       Implementing ITS systems

Following the advice in sections 6.5 – 6.7 above, systems implementers, including software and hardware developers for ITS, and especially CITS/Mobility Integration/Urban-ITS) will assist both vehicle-facing systems and infrastructure facing systems; software and hardware developers and systems integrators to implement a successful system.

However, vehicle-facing systems potentially have a further layer of complexity. If the system is aftermarket it will likely be complementary to anything in the vehicle, and in a similar paradigm to most infrastructure facing systems. But OEM fit vehicle-facing systems, or aftermarket systems that utilise the OBD-II port or otherwise connect to the core vehicle network. This may only require access to data that is legally required to be accessible (currently in a form declared by the auto-manufacturer, but, hopefully, in the near future to a format in accordance with ISO 21184. If greater interaction is required it will be necessary to negotiate with the vehicle-manufacturer directly.

Some of the lessons learned and common pitfalls encountered during actual ITS deployments are discussed and shared below.

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6.9       Strategic level aspects

6.9.1      Strategic level aspects of ITS Systems

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The following links provide useful information on a range of strategic aspects concerning ITS Systems and Standards deliverables:

CEN/TR 17143:2017 Intelligent transport systems - Standards and actions necessary to enable urban infrastructure coordination to support Urban-ITS.

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The scope of this project was to undertake a pre-study providing stakeholder mapping, framework identification, gap analysis and identification of standards and related actions required to address the urban infrastructure aspects: the provision of

a) multimodal information services;

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b) traffic management;

c) urban logistics, that are required to support the provision of Urban-ITS.

Specifically, the scope of this pre-study was to produce a technical report that will (by December 2015), for each area, specifically address the standardisation requirements to meet the following technical challenges:

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- stakeholder engagement;

- common/interoperable data;

- multimodality;

- creation of (multimodal) transport datasets;

- multiple means of communication;

- urban logistics management

- creation of urban-interurban interfaces;

- use of open standards, architectures and specifications;

- enable rather than prescribe or proscribe.

While the formal deliverable of this pre-study was be a technical report, that the project team also identified areas for draft ‘New Work Item Proposals’ (and justifications) for work items to fill the identified gaps, where those gaps can be filled by Standards deliverables, and that the pre-study will also consider and make recommendations for any other support measures that are considered important or essential in order for the successful implementation, management and support of Urban-ITS in an environment where this is an administration controlled and led activity and not a community-wide managed or controlled activity.

The pre-study report, in addition to its submission to the European Commission, was a format suitable for adaptation to a European standardisation deliverable on Use Cases addressing the three areas of this request and highlighting their possible interdependencies. Specifically, a gap analysis identifying additional requirements and priorities for:

a) Architecture: high level proposals outlining the parameters for a European standardisation deliverable for Urban-ITS architecture integrating the three areas of this request and highlighting connexions or interfaces with surrounding ITS applications as well as compatibility or coherence with existing standards, technical specifications, data models.

b) Multimodal Information Services: Standardisation deliverables in support of new mobility services, such as car sharing, car-pooling, public bike sharing services, park & ride, bike & ride, etc. Alternative fuel infrastructure, including information on location and availability of stations, charging models and capacity at stations, (integrated) payment schemes, etc. A European standardisation deliverable on reference data model, common data dictionary and metadata structure for multimodal information services.

c) Traffic Management: Standardisation deliverables in support of European standards for: a set of traffic management measures (encompassing the necessary infrastructure / static road data, dynamic road status data, traffic data or traffic control data, weather data), a set of traffic re-routing, traffic prioritisation and access regulation measures including intersections management (supplemented by vehicle identification data). In particular, the different types of road user charging models set up in various cities as well as the modalities of shared use of dedicated lanes by different types of vehicles (e.g. freight, public transport, emergency vehicles) should be considered. European standards or European Standardisation deliverables on reference data model, common data dictionary and metadata structure for traffic management including access regulation.

 d) Urban Logistics (Including parking management): Standardisation deliverables in support of European standards for: Intelligent parking for light vehicles, commercial vehicles and trucks. (...)

The following deliverables are also considered useful in respect of implementing ITS projects:

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ISO 17427-1 Intelligent transport systems (ITS) — Co-operative systems — Roles and responsibilities in the context of co-operative ITS architecture(s)

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Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) are a promising advancement of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). Numerous applications, made possible only, or most efficiently, by the cooperation of actors (other vehicles, the infrastructure, service providers, even bystanders), are being devised that open up new possibilities to make traffic safer, more efficient and smarter. Technologies are being developed and improved to realize and support those new services and applications. But, to finally implement C-ITS and to achieve the benefits of greater safety and better mobility, multiple actors will have to cooperate with each other in a completely new way. Actors that have to date worked in isolation, i.e. in so called “silos”, will have to find a way to achieve these possibilities. New actors may also be required for the provision of some services. This requires a clear definition and assignment of behaviours, responsibilities and liabilities. Therefore a general, abstract organizational architecture with the description of the single roles, their behaviour, and the corresponding responsibilities, is an essential prerequisite for the deployment of C-ITS.

The organizational relationships with the description of roles and responsibilities, is a crucial part of the whole C-ITS architecture. C-ITS is not an objective in itself, it is a means to achieve the potential of service provision through the cooperation of actors involved in the ITS sector. The architectural viewpoint comprising the organizational architecture has extensive influences on the deployment and implementation of C-ITS.

This document describes the high level roles and responsibilities of a C-ITS service provider and aligns it with other C-ITS standards and specifications.

This document contains a detailed description of the (actor invariant) roles nd responsibilities required to deploy and operate Cooperative-ITS (C-ITS).

The organization/organization of actors / roles described in this document are designed to be appropriate for any fully operational system that uses the C-ITS concepts and techniques in order to achieve its service provision. This document is presented in terms of an organizational or enterprise viewpoint as defined in ISO/IEC 10746-1.

This document is for all types of road traffic of all classes, and for any other actors involved in the provision of applications and services which use C-ITS techniques to achieve service provision. The description of roles is technology agnostic and, in terms of C-ITS, agnostic in respect of communication modes and embraces vehicle-vehicle communications, vehicle-infrastructure communications and infrastructure-infrastructure communications.

This document provides a methodology for the identification of service specific roles and their corresponding responsibilities based on a process oriented approach. Additionally, the methodology is used to identify the roles and responsibilities for C-ITS in general. Both the methodology as well as the roles and responsibilities for C-ITS are deduced from ISO/IEC 10746-1, ISO/IEC 10746-2, ISO/IEC 10746-3, the reference model of Open Distributed Processing. Open Distributed Processing offers five viewpoints of which the enterprise viewpoint corresponds with the organizational architecture and its roles and responsibilities.

To limit the scope of the document to the core of C-ITS, the roles are separated into external and internal. Considered to be internal are all roles that are highly relevant for the purpose of achieving service provision by means of C-ITS. Considered to be external are all roles involved in C-ITS, but not set up only for the purpose of C-ITS.

This document provides a description of a high-level architectural viewpoint on C-ITS. It is designed to be used as a blueprint when implementing service provision systems that use C-ITS, and the corresponding organizational structures. The characteristics of C-ITS entail a huge number of data/ information exchanges. Therefore the implementation stringently respects privacy and data protection as it is defined in ISO/TR 12859 and in national laws and regulations (where instantiated). Privacy and data protection affects all roles defined in this document due to these characteristics and all actors occupying roles in C-ITS respects the corresponding standards and regulations.

ISO TR 17427-2 Intelligent transport systems - Cooperative ITS - Framework Overview

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 This Technical Report characterizes and provides an overview of the framework which enables collaborative and cooperative ITS to operate and defines the characteristics and components of a Cooperative-ITS (C-ITS), its context and relevance for ITS service provision, and provides references to International Standards deliverables where specific aspects of C-ITS are defined. The objective of this Technical Report is to raise awareness of and consideration of such issues and to give pointers, where appropriate, to International Standards deliverables existing that provide for all or some of these aspects. This Technical Report does not provide specifications for solutions of these issues.

This Technical Report is agnostic in respect of technology and operates with whatever communications and hardware technologies can support its functionalities.

NOTE Other deliverables in this family of C-ITS standards will define specific aspects of technology and behaviour and the roles and responsibilities within the context of C-ITS.

ISO TR 17427-3 Intelligent transport systems - Cooperative ITS – Concept of operations (CONOPS) for ‘Core’ systems

This Technical Report provides the high-level generic requirements for the “Concept of operations” for a ‘Core System’ (CorSys) to support C-ITS service delivery. It is intended as an input to the planning and development elaboration of core functions that will support the deployment of cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITS) in a connected vehicle-highway paradigm

The objective of this Technical Report is to raise awareness of and consideration of such issues and to give pointers, where appropriate, to standards existing that provide specifications for all or some of these aspects. This Technical Report does not provide specifications for solutions of these issues.

This Technical Report is agnostic in respect of technology and operates with whatever (and probably multiple) communications technologies and hardware technologies that can support its functionalities.

ISO TR 17427-4 Intelligent transport systems - Cooperative ITS - Minimum system requirements and behaviour for core systems

The scope of this Technical Report is, as an informative document, to identify potential critical minimum system requirements and behaviour for core systems issues that C-ITS service provision may face or introduce, to consider strategies for how to identify, control, limit or mitigate such issues. The objective of this Technical Report is to raise awareness of and consideration of such issues and to give pointers, where appropriate, to subject areas and, where available, to existing standards deliverables that provide specifications for all or some of these aspects. This Technical Report does not provide specifications for solutions of these issues.

ISO TR 17427-5 Intelligent transport systems - Cooperative ITS - Common approaches to security;

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This TR was superseded by ISO TS 21177. (See also ITS Communications- Cybersecurity)

ISO TR 17427-6 Intelligent transport systems - Cooperative ITS - ‘Core system’ risk assessment methodology

The scope of this Technical Report is to identify critical technical and financial risks that can impact the core system deployment supporting C-ITS vehicle and highway systems service provision and to provide means to evaluate such risks.

This Technical Report is designed to embrace C-ITS vehicle and highway systems where there is some institutional involvement and support, by the direct or indirect provision of core system support, and it is the risks associated with the deployment of ‘Core Systems’ that provide the focus of this Technical Report.

This Technical Report does not provide a calculated ‘global’ risk assessment for C-ITS, but identifies the principal causes of risk, and provides a consistent methodology for a jurisdiction, core system operator, or application service provider, to assess the risks that they face. The objective of this Technical Report is to raise awareness of and consideration of such issues and to give pointers, where appropriate, to standards deliverables existing that provide specifications for all or some of these aspects. This Technical Report does not provide specifications for solutions of these issues.

ISO TR 17427-7 Intelligent transport systems - Cooperative ITS - Privacy aspects

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The scope of this Technical Report is as an informative document to identify potential critical privacy issues that C-ITS service provision may introduce; to consider strategies for how to control, limit or mitigate such privacy issues; and to give pointers, where appropriate, to standards deliverables existing that provide specifications for all or some of these aspect and to limit the risk of exposure to the financial consequences of privacy issues.

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The objective of this Technical Report is to raise awareness of and consideration of such issues. This Technical Report does not provide specifications for solutions of these issues.

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NOTE: In Europe this document predates, and  is largely superseded by the General Data Protection Regulation

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